The elegance of its surface treatment makes it one of the crowning achievements of the kalinga style of architecture. It bears architectural splendour and is regarded as one of the best archaeological monument of the east reflecting kalinga type of architect. Pdf the chitrakarini temple of bhubaneswar odisha, india. The panorama of indian temple architecture are visible at extremely wide. Temples of odisha are famous all over the world, for the unique characteristics of their architecture and sculptural style. Temple architecture in odisha evolved over a long period of time. The word deula in oriya language means a building structure built with a particular style that is seen in most of the temples from odisha.
The antiquity of orissa is endorsed by her temple architecture which is as sublim as it is aesthetically innervating. This post is a part of the indian culture compilation based on the ncert text book an introduction to indian art part 1. But most of the times, it gets evolved and influenced from local traditions and practices rather than getting inspired from other places. From caurasi let us turn to one of the proudest creations of the orissa school of architecture and sculpture, the great sun temple at ko.
Pdf temples of odisha the geometry of plan form ijirst. The term mandira for the first time occurs in banabhattas kadambari, a text of 7th century ad. The kalinga style temple architecture of odisha is an offshoot of the nagara style temple architecture of india mohapatra, 2007, p. It is said that the temple that best integrates the new architectural features and decorative motifs filtering into eastern odisha via the upper mahanadi valley with the indigenous traditions is the muktesvara. The history and culture of odisha is in many ways distinct from those of the northern indian states and many generalizations that are made about indian history do not hold good for the odia region. The orissa temples have their own distinct style which gradually evolved into a more elaborate plan, highly decorative plastic figures and taller sikharas. Lingaraj temple is a spectacular specimen of orissa style of temples with a hint of kalinga style of architecture. Stipulated architectural principles with ample provision for artistic improvisation enabled the progressive generations. Development of temple architecture in india with reference to. Shaped in the form of a giant chariot with exquisitely carved wheels and pillars, the temple is dedicated to the sun godsurya deva. Odisha is famous for temple architecture and with varieties of temples presents the kalingan school of architecture in its welldeveloped forms. The westfacing structure of this temple reflects a change in the initial and later phase of kalinga style of architecture, which was the main style used in many temples built in odisha during the time.
The mukteswara temple belonging to the 19th century ad. Stipulated architectural principles with ample provision for artistic improvisation enabled the progressive generations to excel in splendour and created masterpieces in stone called the temple of orissa. The notable ones in the category are the khajuraho temples and totesvara mahadeo temple in kadawa. Doc evolution of temple architecture in orissa laxmi. The most special feature of this temple is the presence of one thousand lingas in the northwest corner of the complex. We cannot guarantee that hindu temple art of orissa book is.
In ancient indian texts, a temple is a place for tirthapilgrimage. These wheels are located in both north and south sides of the. Sun temple introduction konark sun temple is build in thcentury ce at konark in odisha, india. In thevastusastrathe north indian temples are known as prasada while as the southern indian temples are known as vimana, harmya and occasionally as prasada. Click get books and find your favorite books in the online library. A brief introduction to the historical foundation of odisha odisha proclaims a glorious historical and cultural lineage spanning 2000 years. The important rulers of the ganga dynasty were chodagungadeva 10771147 ad, rajaraja ii 11701190 ad, anangabhimadeva iii 12111238 ad and narasimhadeva i 12381264 ad.
Pdf iv temples of orissa vijayakumar somasekharan nair. Excepting the decorative elements, the kalingan temples were totally free from. The great ancient history of odisha orissa, history of. The stupendous forts, the intricately carved temples and the grand havelis of the state are integral parts of the architectural heritage of the state. Odisha, also known as orissa, is one indian state with a large number of ancient temples.
Kalinga style of architecture temples of orissa architecture. Hindu temple architecture, apart from being a place of worship, are also the cradle of knowledge. The temple is attributed to king narasimhadeva i of the eastern ganga dynasty about 1250 ce dedicated to the hindu sun god surya, what remains of the temple complex has the appearance of a 100foot 30 m high chariot. May 03, 2017 in this megaarticle, we shall discuss about the indian temple architecture and sculpture in detail. Orissa s history dates back to the days of the mahabharata. It stands out as a masterpiece in orissan architecture. Download full hindu temple art of orissa book or read online anytime anywhere, available in pdf, epub and kindle. The corners of each ratha touch notional circles on the plan of the temple, centred on the murti image in the sanctum.
The architecture of rajasthan is mainly based on the rajput school of architecture which was a blend of the hindu and mughal structural design. Temples like mukteswar temple, rajarani temple, sun temple konark, puri jagannath temple and many more sing the saga of this self sustained and selfevolved style of temple. In the vastusastra the north indian temples are known as prasada while as the southern indian temples are known as vimana, harmya and occasionally as prasada. The concentration of the indian temples in general are divided the largest number of temples all over the state into three categories based on their geographical has made it a centre of unique attraction for the location and peculiar features scholars, indologists, tourists and others.
Architecture in odisha found its supreme expression in the form of temples, some of which are among, finest in the country. It is dotted with several important rockcut and free standing structural temples mostly made in the seventh and eighth. Temple architecture in orissa, evolved over a long period of time. Ratha is generally carried up from the bottom of the temple to the superstructure. This remarkable structure is crafted out of darkest shade sandstone looking exemplary in its form. The word konark comes from the merger of two sanskrit wordskona meaning. Jul 21, 2020 welcome to digital odisha, here we provide famous tample list which help to your all competitive exam. The term mandira for the first time occurs in banabhattas kadambari, a. The middle history of odisha, ganga dynasty odisha gk.
One of the oldest surviving temples in orissa is the parasurameswara temple, built in 650 a. The sun temple at konarka, popularly known as black pagoda was the fullest manifestation of the kalinga style of architecture. The temple is partially in ruins after it was also finally destroyed by the allauddin khilji. This temple is the earliest and the most remarkable example of brick building and bears resemblance to the buddhist temple of bodhgaya. We mainly come across the devotional type of architecture in orissa while others have disappeared with the ravages of time and power. Lingaraj temple is a temple of the hindu god shiva and is one of the oldest temples of the temple city bhubaneswar, a revered pilgrimage center and the capital of the state of odisha. Influence of vernacular architecture in evolution of. In ancient sastras or literature the temple is referred as devagriha, devalay, devakula, etc. Badrinath temple badrinath temple list of top 50 famous temples in india the badrinath temple is a part of chota char dham. The construction of this temple is a masterpiece of orissa s medieval architecture. A deula is an element in a hindu temple in the local style of odisha temple in eastern india sometimes the whole temple is called deula. Each wheel is of about 10 feet in diameter with a set of spokes and elaborate carvings. The chitrakarini temple of bhubaneswar odisha, india. Muslimmaratha conflict, maratha occupation of odisha.
Sep 16, 2015 the shrine or the abode of the god has different nomenclatures. Create free account to access unlimited books, fast download and ads free. Pdf heritage architectural and sculptural expressions are. Adjacent to madhya pradesh in the west, andhra pradesh in the south west bengal in northeast bay of bengal in the east bihar in the north. This yle inga st l ka architecture shows that even in the premuslim period the predominant temple style of orissa came to be recognized as distinct one. In the formative period of orissan temple architecture there were only two structures of the temples. Only a portion of the sun temple at konark, the largest of the temples of the golden triangle exists today, and it is still staggering in size. Brahmi temple of chaurasi in puri and gouri temple of bhubaneswar are two glaring examples of khakhara temple. General introduction to odishan temple architecture. Evolution of hindu temples architecture in orissa the hindu. One of the main attractions of this temple is the 24 wheels which are carved around the base of the temple. This is how temple architecture in odisha flourished to its mature phase with evolutions of its plan, evolution of its elements and evolution of its built form and shape. Konark sun temple konark surya mandir is a thcentury ce year 1250 sun temple at konark about 35 kilometres 22 mi northeast from puri on the coastline of odisha, india. The sides are oriented along the main horizontal axis of the temple normally running eastwest or at right angles to it, generating except around the entrance to the sanctum a.
Deul is often used in english, though deul temples are also a different form in bengal. Pdf hindu temple art of orissa download full ebooks for free. The style of temple architecture that became popular in. In the previous articles we have discussed about the later mural traditions, post mauryan trends in indian art and architecture, arts of the mauryan period, arts of indus. Some historians think that its name was indresvara or indralingesvara as per the name its builder lndraratha, an illustrious somavamsi ruler. So in india, odisha with its fascinating series of temples, form an exciting area to study the evolution of temple architecture. History of evolution of temple architecture in odisha 2. Parasurameswara temple, parasurameswara temple odisha. This monumental temple was constructed by narasimhadeva i or.
Mar 30, 2018 architecture of the mukteshwar temple it is speculated that the temple was built by yayati i, the king of somavamshi dynasty. Ideavy cornices, strong pillars wide in proportion to their height and the broad base of the sikhar or tower give to indian temple architecture a feeling of strength and solidity. The temple of angkor vat is a classic architectural specimen of odia influence on cambodian temple architecture. Ce 9001150 that contributed overhanging cornices, facades and, more significantly, sikhara over vimana pyramidal tower in a multitiered structure.
Builtin the 10 th century, mukteswar temple belongs to the somavamshi dynasty and is believed to be sculpted by yayatii. Like the lingaraja, the jagannath temple has two deuls and two mandapas, four in total, namely, rekhadeul, pidhadeul, natya mandapa and bhogamandapa. Evolution of temple architecture in orissa dibishada brajasundar garnayak. Pdf influence of vernacular architecture in evolution of.
The architecture of other temples in central india originated from this temple. It has a deula that rises to a height of about 150 feet. Temples in odisha orissa, odisha orissa temples, temples. The word odia is in fact an anglicized version of odia.
Jagannath temple in puri in odisha is one of the largest temples in the state. In hindu temple architecture, ratha is a facet or vertical offset projection on the plan of the sanctum and shikhara above, or other structure. Jun 14, 2016 the temple was so designed that the first rays of the sun fell on the image of surya, the sun god, at the time equinoxes. Evolution of hindu temples architecture in orissa the. Temples in odisha are based on certain fundamental principles of stability and take their cue from the human body. But it has also some distinctive characteristics of its own. Many places of odisha, such as puri and bhubaneswar, have hundreds of temples. The temple of lingaraja, the biggest of all at bhubaneswar is located within a spacious compound wall of. The temple at bhitaragaon stands at the centre of a fairly high plinth. Among the most important temples of orissa are the temple of visnujagannath at puri still one of the most famous shrines of india. Influence of vernacular architecture in evolution of temple. Jun 16, 2016 lingaraj temple, bhubaneswar wikimedia a 12th century temple, the lingaraj temple is considered to be a high point in the tradition of temple building in odisha.
Temple architecture of odisha architecture of sun temple at konark. Laxmikanta mishra early medieval indian history spanning between eighth to thirteenth century a. Parasurameswara temple bhubaneswar parasurameswara. The sun temple is of a unique architecture of its own kind. There are two main basic characteristics of orissan temple architecture the deul tower and jagmohana porchlike hall. Of these, three are most famous the lingaraja temple at bhubaneswar 11th century, the jagannath temple at puri 12th century and the great sun temple at konark th century. However, the jagannath temple does not incorporate any new element in the development of the temple architecture of orissa. Architecture is an art, and it may be similar from region to region. Some regions of sri lanka, java, bali, sumatra, vietnam and thailand were colonized by the people from odisha. Among all the temples of odisha, the lingaraja temple at bhubaneswar deserves special mention. For centuries now, the orissan golden triangle of bhubaneswarpurikonark has retained a vintage point on indias pilgrimage circuit for their devotional as well as architectural background.
However, enough has remained of the temple to convey its grandeur. Jagannath temple is considered among the most sacred hindu temples. This small kind of temple had some exquisite carvings and sculptures including bas reliefs of elephant processions and even a. Mukteshvara temple also emerged as a popular religious tourist attraction in odisha for its architecture which symbolizes the innovation in kalinga style of architecture. Temples like mukteswar temple, rajarani temple, sun temple konark, puri jagannath temple and many more sing the saga of this self. Parasurameswara temple, bhubaneswar overview constructed in 650 a. Other saivite and vaisnavite temples in orissa represent both rekha and pidha types. The temple was ornately decorated often even to the dark shrine rooms lighted only by flickering oil lamps. Famous temples of odisha, odisha temples, hindu temples in. One of the most popular mysteries about the temple is that the main. Temple architecture and sculpture hindu, buddhist and jain. Temples as free standing structures came to orissa after the gupta period through dakshina. This style received due recognition when it was mentioned in the silpa texts and the inscriptions. The next landmark in temple architecture is the temple generally known from the modern name jandial excavated from one of the mounds which covered the city of takshasila.
The main entrance of the temple is towards the east, while smaller entrances exist towards the northern and southern sides. Bhubaneswar in orissa 8th century, are monuments to this exciting era of temple architecture in india. This is how temple architecture in odisha flourished to its. All about the mukteshwar temple gem of odisha architecture. Pdf hindu temple art of orissa download full ebooks. Temple architecture and sculpture hindu, buddhist and. Temples as free standing structures came from 7th to th century a.
1002 774 1138 1440 503 605 655 287 786 1435 179 1374 733 204 582 1479 550 646 1495 1438 71 988 1305 1007 162 1277 233 802 1214 1385 1537 1545 1158 540 942 449 1356 1370 1239